Vacuum formed topsheets having a silky tactile impression

ABSTRACT

An apertured vacuum formed film for use as a topsheet in an absorbent article has raised lands in a stroking direction to impart a silky tactile impression. The stroking direction lands are raised between 15μ and 145μ relative to the transverse lands. The stroking direction lands may also include a microtexture to enhance the silky tactile impression. Also, the apertures may form boat shape cells to enhance the silky tactile impression.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 10/396,028, filed Mar. 24, 2003, published as United StatesPublication No. 2003-0186026-A1 on Oct. 2, 2003, which is a divisionalapplication of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/876,440, filed Jun.6, 2001, published as United States Publication No. 2003-0059574-A1 onMar. 27, 2003, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,582,798 on Jun. 24, 2003.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to disposable absorbent products. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to an apertured, vacuumformed film having properties that give the film a silky tactileimpression or silky feel when the film is stroked by a user.

BACKGROUND

Advances in film forming technology have yielded improvements indisposable absorbent products such as disposable diapers, femininehygiene products and the like. “Film” is a common term for thermoplasticpolymer webs made from any variety of processes. The most common methodof producing films is with an extrusion process.

Cast extrusion and blown extrusion are commonly known methods in thefilm producing industry. In a blown extrusion process, a circular dieextrudes an inflated bubble of film that is cooled by cool air streamsblown onto the bubble's perimeter by an air ring. The bubble is thenflattened in a nip and subsequently slit into flat sheets that can thenbe reheat embossed or otherwise manipulated. Blown film can be used tocreate a roll of precursor film that may be fed into a reheat vacuumformed film (VFF) process. This method is taught by U.S. Pat. No.4,151,240 to Lucas. Additionally, it is also known to use a precursorroll of cast film.

In a cast extrusion process, a flat web is extruded from a slot die. Theflat web is subsequently cooled and set by a variety of chilling rollermeans. As an example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,456,570 to Thomas teaches a castextrusion in a direct melt vacuum formed film (VFF) process. In a vacuumformed film process, a pressure differential is applied across a formingscreen. In the case of a direct melt VFF process, a molten web isextruded onto a forming area of a forming screen. An example of a directmelt VFF process is taught by U.S. Pat. No. 4,456,570 to Thomas. U.S.Pat. No. 4,151,240 to Lucas teaches reheating and partially melting aweb while the web is over the forming area of the forming screen. Amelted polymer is desirable to form three-dimensional apertures since amelted polymer is more easily sucked into the apertures in a formingscreen. Both U.S. Pat. No. 4,456,570 to Thomas and U.S. Pat. No.4,151,240 to Lucas teach primarily using vacuum as a main source ofpressure differential energy that is used for the work energy thatchanges a two dimensional web into a three-dimensional cell and causesan aperture to open in a film web. During the formation of a VFF, thepolymer of the film typically undergoes a phase change from molten statein a flat form to a crystalline state in the new three-dimensional form.

In some cases, it is desirable to form textures on the lands of the VFF.To form textures on the lands of the vacuum formed film, lands areprovided on the forming screen with textures provided thereon. Thetextures on the forming screen are then incorporated into the directmelt VFF film. Due to vacuum pressure, textures form on the lands of thesubsequently formed VFF. As discussed above, the vacuum pressuredifferential also causes 3-D cells with apertures to be formed in thefilm.

The textures imparted on the VFF may be formed in a pattern. Examples ofembossing patterns include straight lines, pyramids, diamonds, squares,and random matte. Further, more exotic patterns may be used including,exotic squiggly lines, spiral patterns, microscopic flower petals, andother ornamental designs.

A micropattern can also be incorporated into a precursor film by areheat VFF process, via either cast embossing or blown embossingprocesses that are well known in the industry and that are discussedabove. In a reheat process, external heat is applied to partially meltand form three-dimensional cells with apertures. Portions of theprecursor film rest on the lands of the screen, which partially protectsthese portions of the precursor film from the heat. Therefore, only theportion of the film suspended over an opening of a cell in the formingscreen is fully unprotected from exposure to heat. Thus, the suspendedportion becomes melted and forms a three-dimensional cell with anaperture.

When a film layer is applied to a forming screen, the film layertypically has about 25 to 80 times less mass than a metallic screen massbeneath the film layer. Because of the mass ratio of the film layer tothe screen, the screen acts as a “heat sink” in the land area where theprecursor film is in intimate contact with the lands of the formingscreen. The heat passes through the thin film and is absorbed by thescreen such that no, or negligible, thermal distortion occurs on theland regions. As a result, any texturizing pattern embossed into theprecursor film is maintained in the finished VFF.

Films produced by the methods above may be constructed of variousmaterials having a selected mesh count, embossed thickness, a selectedaperture pattern, a selected width of the lands or spaces between theapertures, and a selected pattern may be formed on the lands. The “meshcount” is the number of cells aligned in one inch of distance. Othervariations may also be possible. Each configuration will exhibitdistinct properties with respect to performance.

When measuring a VFF for percent open area, it is common to use any ofthe many computerized video devices that are available. The videocamera, via magnification and contrast, can discern the openings fromthe lands and digitize the data to calculate the percent open area.

Unlike nonwoven material (NW), which exhibits capillary action forwicking fluids, formed films are made from polymer webs that do nottransmit fluid unless the formed film is “formed” into athree-dimensional apertured sheet. Formed films may be tested for rewet.A lower rewet value is more desirable. Generally, preferred productshave had a rewet value of less than one gram; i.e. a “fractional gram”.It has been found that products with a gram or more of rewet aretypically viewed by consumers as being wet or damp in use.

Fluid acquisition rate is also critical to a functional topsheet. If thefluid acquisition rate is too slow, then a product using the topsheetmay leak. The fluid acquisition rate is affected by several factors. Thesurface energy of the vacuum formed film is critical for fluidacquisition rate. Additionally, the fluid acquisition rate is directlycorrelated to open area. Additionally, the “loft”, or the requiredspatial distance between a fluid containing absorbent core and the skinof the user, must also have a certain measure to prevent a wetnessfactor of one gram or greater as exhibited by rewet values. Simplystated, if there are relatively large openings, as indicated by high %open area, and comparatively little separation space, as indicated bylow loft, then fluid can overcome the short expanse of space through thecenter of the large opening, which results in reverse flow, or “rewet”.

Table 1, below, is derived from selected feminine napkin products fromaround the world that use a formed film coversheet. From the data inTable 1, the ratio correlation can be seen. From such data, the apparentline of separation of the loft to % open area ratio (L/OA Ratio) betweena “dry” coversheet and “damp” coversheet would logically be about a L/OARatio of ≧10. TABLE 1 Loft, Open Area, L/OA Rewet, Product μ % RatioGrams Always 550 32.0 17.0 0.05 Equate 455 28.5 16.0 0.15 Siernpre Libre450 20.0 22.0 0.12 Itimus 370 20.0 18:5 0.10 CareFree (Euro) 130 25.05.2 4.85 Magix 100 21.5 4.5 6.15 Centre Libre 190 25.0 7.6 1.90

The term “rewet” implies that all of the fluid passes through thetopsheet and then only the fluid coming back to the surface to “rewet”it is measured. However, with the many varieties of micro-embossing,crimping, and punching involved with these materials, often “wells” canbe formed that trap fluid on the surface. The entrapped fluid accountsfor about 15% of variation in the data. Also, as with any reliable testmethod, the method itself will have some variation of results, evenwithin a given single material. This is offered to explain why thecorrelation is not exactly linear as, in theory, it should be.

Hole diameter is determined by the narrowest width of an aperture(specifically for aperturing oval or elliptical shapes) that can bedetermined as a function of mesh count and land width. From mesh countand land width, one can derive an approximate hole diameter, or span ofthe “supports” for the polymer sheet to be apertured.

A hole diameter of a typically known 60 mesh forming screen is usuallyno more than 200μ. Since a reasonable amount of metal must remainbetween holes in a forming screen (such that it will be robust enough torun in the VFF process), one can calculate hole diameter as follows. Asexplained above, “mesh” is the number of cells aligned in one inch ofdistance; hence, 1/60=0.017 inch center to center, or 430μ. One willneed about 230μ of metal land area to have a robust screen, leaving thenominal 200μ hole diameter for a 60 mesh pattern.

In addition to rewet performance and fluid acquisition performanceduring use, it has been found that the feel or tactile impression of atopsheet is important to consumers. Silk has been known for centuries toimpart a unique and highly desirable tactile impression that has noother description than to say, “This feels silky”. The term “silky”alone provides enough description for average global consumers to graspits meaning and recognize whether or not a product feels “silky” ormerely soft and cloth like. In repeated blind panel tests variousfabrics such as felt, flannel, cotton diapers, polyester/cotton clothingfabric, wool, and silk were tested. The panels easily discern a silkytactile impression (STI) of silk cloth over the other cloth materials.

For many years, the feminine napkin market has been segmented into womenwho prefer a nonwoven coversheet and women who prefer a film coversheet.The market segmentation is particularly found in westernized countries.Those who prefer the nonwoven type seem to prefer the cloth like tactileimpression and the perceived “comfort” that they derive from it.

Users of the nonwoven type, however, sacrifice the dry cleanliness ofthe VFF type. Nonwovens have capillarity due to having their many fibersin close proximity to the absorbent core. Capillarity is good fortransmitting fluid through a coversheet via the capillary action of thenonwoven. Unfortunately, “wicking” by capillary action can also act inreverse. Therefore, nonwovens are not known for providing good rewetvalues. A good rewet value is indicative of dry cleanliness during use.

Those who prefer the film type seem to prefer the improved cleanlinessand anti-rewet, particularly that of the VFFs. Many VFF coversheets havelarge openings which readily accept semi-coagulated matter found inmenses. VFFs also provide the afore-mentioned prevention of the fluidrewetting to the top plane of the film. The prevention of rewet isderived from the superior loft of the VFF material. Hence, those whoprefer the prior art film type forgo a bit of cloth like tactileimpression derived from the presence of fibers of a nonwoven to achievethe cleanliness, which is especially true of a VFF. A film that deliversthe perceived comfort of a nonwoven with the improved cleanliness andanti-rewet is desirable. Therefore, much effort has been made inattempts to derive the benefits of both types, some with market success;however, no VFF to date has delivered both the cleanliness and a silkytactile impression.

SUMMARY

The present invention relates to a vacuum formed film that deliversdesirable rewet properties and possesses a desirable silky tactileimpression or silky feel to a user. In one embodiment, the vacuum formedfilm has a plurality of cells, wherein the cells are ellipse shaped,each having a major axis and minor axis. In another embodiment, thecells are boat shaped, wherein the ends on each end of the major axisare rounded off. In another embodiment the cells may be oval shaped.Major axes of the cells are aligned in the stroking direction of thevacuum formed film. The cells define stroking direction lands and atransverse direction lands in areas between the cells. In oneembodiment, the stroking direction lands are raised with respect to saidtransverse direction lands. In yet another embodiment, micro-ridges areformed on the lands for imparting a silky feel to the vacuum formedfilm. The various film aspects, above, each contribute to the silkytactile impression of the film. In still further embodiments, some orall of the various aspects described above may be combined to achieve afurther improved silky tactile impression. The loft to open area ratioof the vacuum formed film is preferably greater than about 9 andpreferably has a rewet of less than about 1 gram.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth inthe accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features,objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thedescription and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a feminine napkin utilizing a film ofthe invention.

FIG. 1A is an plan view of a section of forming screen having anoriented ellipse pattern.

FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the forming screen of FIG. 1A takenalong line 1B-1B of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of the forming screen of FIG. 1A takenalong line 1C-1C of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2A is a plan view of a second embodiment of a section of formingscreen having an oriented ellipse pattern.

FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the forming screen of FIG. 2A takenalong line 2B-2B of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the forming screen of FIG. 2A takenalong line 2C-2C of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a section of film having an oriented ellipsepattern wherein the film has a single plane on all lands.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a section of film having an oriented ellipsepattern wherein the film has a highest plane on stroking directionlands.

FIG. 5A is a plan view of a male side of a section of film having boatshaped cells.

FIG. 5B is a plan view of a female side of a section of film having boatshaped cells.

FIG. 6A is a plan view of a female side of a formed film material havingmicro-ridges on the lands of the film.

FIG. 6B is a plan view of a male side of a formed film material havingmicro-ridges on the lands of the film.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the formed film material of FIGS. 6Aand 6B taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 6B.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Both direct melt and reheat processes are, in this invention, consideredto be equivalent methods under the term vacuum formed films (VFF). Sinceboth melt, form, and recrystallize in a three-dimensional shape, each ofthe processes may be used to form films wherein the loft of the cellsare robust. Polymer webs have a property known as “memory” wherein apolymer web will tend to revert to its original shape. Therefore, if apolymer web is formed as a flat web and then forced into athree-dimensional shape without undergoing melting and recrystallizing,the polymer web will try to revert again to its original flat shape whenany stresses are subsequently applied. Robustness in the third dimensionis critical for obtaining and then maintaining “loft”, which preventsrewet.

Two important variables are commonly discussed when describing a VFF,loft and % AO. “Loft” is defined as the top to bottom thickness of thevacuum formed film, which is typically the required spatial distancebetween a fluid containing absorbent core and the skin of the user orthe thickness of the vacuum formed film. Loft is typically measured bythe same means used to measure “Embossed Thickness” in the polymer filmindustry. Embossment is merely imparting a third dimension to the film,typically one with defined pattern and shape. Commonly used devices forthis measurement are called “Low Load Micrometers”. A wide area ofdisplacement with a low compression load is utilized to insure one ismeasuring the full depth of pattern and one is not compressing thepattern to render a false reading. A TMI® Model 49-70 manufactured byTesting Machines, Inc. of Amityville, N.Y. was used for the loftmeasurements herein. This relationship of properties ties directly torewet performance and is a simple calculation of dividing loft, asmeasured in microns (μ), by the percent open area (17.3%, for example).As an example, a packing of 60 mesh round holes on a square patternpacking array, has a percent open area (OA %) that can be calculated asfollows:OA %={1 inch÷[mesh×mesh (due to square array)]×area of each hole, ininches)×100A 60 mesh hole is 200μ in diameter, 200μ/25.4μ/mil=7.8 mil or 0.0078inch diameter,D/2=Radius; hence, Radius (R)=0.039″Area=πR ²=0.0039²×3.14159=4.8×10⁻⁵mesh L×mesh=60×60=3600{1÷[(4.8×10⁻⁵)×3600])×100=17.3% Open Area

For this invention it has been surprisingly discovered that by acombination of pattern, plane and texture, a VFF providing adequate“loft to % open area ratio” for achieving good rewet values can alsoattain a desirable silky tactile impression (STI).

It has been discovered that STI may be improved by selecting a specificrange of mesh count from about 28 to 60, preferably 40. If fewer cellsexist, it has been found that users can begin to sense the individualityof cells, which can detract from the STI effect. The STI may be furtherimproved with an oval, boat shaped or elliptical cell having a majoraxis to minor axis ratio of at least about 1.05:1.0 to as much as about6.5:1, more preferably ranging from about 1.5:1 to 4:1. The STI may bestill further improved by aligning all the major axes substantially inthe same direction. For purposes of this application, the strokingdirection (SD) shall be defined as the direction along a length of anend product, e.g., feminine napkin or the like. FIG. 1 shows sampleproduct 5. Arrow 7 shows the stroking direction. The stroking directionis typically the direction that a consumer strokes the material whenassessing the film. It is desirable to align the stroking direction in adirection most likely to rub back and forth against a user during use,i.e. typically in a front to back orientation. By implementing the abovesteps, a discernable panel test result may be achieved for STI ascompared to other VFF topsheets and synthetic silk-like nonwovenmaterials previously known in the art.

Further, it is commonly understood by those skilled in the art that the“machine direction” (MD) is the processing direction when manufacturingformed films, and with rare exception, when converting the formed filmas a topsheet on an absorptive device. The MD is the direction where theweb of the material(s) moves continuously down a machine. As it relatesto the forming screens, the MD is the circumference of the screen andthe “Transverse Direction” (TD) is from the end to end length of thescreen. As is commonly understood, the forming screen rotates around astationary seal. Therefore, the circumferential direction is thedirection of continuous motion feeding film down the machine in the“Machine Direction”. While not typical or commonly used, alterationsfrom this norm will be understood by a man of the art; therefore, theseare not intended as limiting to this invention.

On most conversion lines that take the VFF and place it as a topsheet,diapers or pads or bandages or whatever absorptive device is beingmanufactured will align the MD of topsheet down the length, or greatestdimension, of the product. Especially for feminine napkins, thedifference of length to width is significant. In many tests when napkinsare handed to women, they will typically stroke the topsheet down thelength of the product as shown in FIG. 1. Consequently, it is generallythe case that the stroking direction is synonymous with the machinedirection, although this need not be the case to fall within the scopeof the applicant's invention. For a consumer, the first perceptivetriggers are gained by stroking the topsheet in the fashion describedabove when a consumer desires to know how the product will feel in use.

The length is also aligned with the anatomy of common disposablearticles. Since disposable articles are typically held in the groinbetween the legs there is little chance of side to side or TD motion. Ifthe product shifts during the natural motions of the user, the shiftwill almost always occur in the MD creating a “stroking” action of thetopsheet against the skin. As explained above, and from all thesecorrelated factors it can be seen that the term “MD” and “SD” aretypically synonymous. The STI effect is gained by a stroking motion.Hence, the reference to the “Stroking Direction” (SD).

For purposes of this application, the term “oval” shall relate to arounded shape with a major and minor axis whose lines along the majoraxis direction are essentially curved. The term “ellipse” shall differin that the lines along the major axis direction are essentiallystraight. Hereafter, the ratio of major axes to minor axes shall bereferred to as the SD:TD ratio wherein SD is the stroking direction'salignment of the major axes, and TD is the transverse direction of theminor axes. Although not essential for achieving the STI effect, it hasbeen found that the STI effect is enhanced if the centers of major axesare commonly aligned with each other.

Again, while not essential for attaining STI effect, the STI effect maybe further enhanced if the lands in the SD are on a slightly higherplane than the lands in the TD. Also, the STI can be triggered with thisstep alone. If SD lands are in a slightly higher plane, higher STIrankings are received when compared to single plane material of the sameconfiguration. It has been found that as little as 15μ variance shows aslight distinction, although a 35μ variance is preferred. If a film hasgreater than a 145μ variance between the SD lands and the TD lands, thenproblems can occur with the strength of the forming screen, especiallyin the case of finer mesh counts. Winding issues, such as roll blockingdue to nesting, may be introduced, as well. Since the SD lands areraised, it is less critical to have rounded cell geometries. Manypolygonal shapes will also function, such as squares, hexagons,pentagons or other shapes.

The variance in the height of the planes of the SD land plane and the TDland plane can be achieved by machining a forming screen with cuttingtools, grinding, etching, cutting with energy beams, or affixing wiresto alter the external profile of the screen to form bi-planar lands.Additionally, other means may be used for varying the height of SDlands.

Also non-essential, but preferred, for increasing the STI effect is theaddition of various texturizations to the lands. More preferred is theaddition of micro-ridges (MR) of a specific height and spacing. Filmshaving micro-ridges received surprisingly high panel test recognition ofSTI when the micro-ridges were applied to films having mesh counts of 28or greater and especially to films having a 40 Hex pattern. To formmicro-ridge patterns, the pattern is typically etched into the landareas of the screen. The micro-ridges will readily form on the lands ofthe film, so long as there remains a direct pathway of air evacuation inthe spaces between the ridges. The air evacuation requirement applies toall patterns intended for texturization of the lands of the film. If themolten film lays over a cavity and forms a seal around a perimeter ofthe cavity, thereby sealing off an air evacuation pathway, the film willbe prevented from being suctioned into micro-pattern depressions.Consequently, the film will be prevented from conforming to the shape ofthe micro-pattern depressions.

All or some of these features and enhancements, e.g., commonly alignedcenters of major axes, elevated SD lands, and micro-ridges, may becombined to create a VFF material that will exhibit an STI effect amonga majority of panelists assembled to test product. Other importantaspects are maintaining the adequate VFF aperture diameter and productquality for transmission of fluids through the topsheet and into theabsorbent core (especially the more viscous menses fluid), as well asmaintaining the desired “loft to % open area ratio” of the VFF such thatgood rewet values are achievable.

Additionally, it has been shown that a preferred range of mesh count cancontribute to the desired STI. As stated above, mesh count is the numberof cells aligned in an inch of length. The higher the mesh count, thegreater the number of cells that are packed together. The lower the meshcount, the fewer the number of cells in a given linear measure and/orsquare area. Cells or three-dimensional apertures may be patterned inany of a variety of arrays that are conducive to the desired objectives.Once an array is chosen, cells can then be counted per an inch of lengthto determine “mesh”.

Referring now to FIG. 1A, a section of forming screen 10, which exhibitsan oriented ellipse pattern is shown. In the preferred pattern, ellipseshaped cells or apertures 12 have a major axis 14 and a minor axis 16.The major axis 14 is aligned in the machine direction (MD), which isindicated by arrow 18. The transverse direction (TD), is indicated byarrow 20. In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of lengths of major axis14 to minor axis 16, i.e., “SD:TD” is about 3:1. Preferably, all majoraxes 14 are aligned with each other and are aligned in the machinedirection 18. Additionally, all minor axes 16 are correspondinglyaligned in the TD 20. Areas between cells 12 are SD lands 22 and TDlands 24.

Referring now to FIG. 1B, a cross-section of forming screen 10 is showntaken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1A. FIG. 1B is an embodiment of formingscreen 10 wherein SD land 22 is on a higher plane than TD land 24. TheSD lands may be seen more clearly in FIG. 1C, which is a cross sectionof forming screen 10 taken along lines 1C-1C of FIG. 1A.

Referring now to FIG. 2A, a section of forming screen 10′, whichexhibits an oriented ellipse pattern is shown. In the preferred pattern,ellipse shaped cells or apertures 12′ have a major axis 14′ and a minoraxis 16′. The major axis 14′ is aligned in the machine direction (MD),which is indicated by arrow 18. The transverse direction (TD), isindicated by arrow 20. In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of lengthsof major axis 14′ to minor axis 16′, i.e., “SD:TD” is about 3:1.Preferably, all major axes 14′ are aligned with each other and arealigned in the machine direction 18. Additionally, all minor axes 16′are correspondingly aligned in the TD 20. Areas between cells 12 are SDlands 22 and TD lands 24.

Referring now to FIG. 2B, a cross-section of forming screen 10′ takenalong lines 2B-2B is shown. FIG. 2B depicts an embodiment wherein anupper surface of SD land 22′ and TD land 24′ are in the same plane. TheSD lands may be seen more clearly in FIG. 2C, which is a cross-sectionof forming screen 10′ taken along lines 2C-2C of FIG. 2B.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a single plane VFF 26 is shown. VFF 26 isproduced from a forming screen having an elliptical pattern with MDalignment of the major axes 28 of cells 30. The pattern shown in FIG. 26is a 40 mesh pattern when counting cells in the TD. Apertures 30 ofvacuum formed film 26 measures about 750μ in the SD or major axis 28direction and about 250μ in the TD or minor axis 32 direction. Thethickness of the cells, which are from top to bottom of thethree-dimensional cells 30, i.e., loft, is about 345μ. The VFF 26 has anopen area of 14.5%. Therefore, the loft to % open area ratio of the VFF26 is about 24. The VFF 26 has a rewet value of 0.08 grams. The variancebetween the upper surface of the SD lands 34 and the TD lands 36 in thebi-planar material 26 is about 20μ.

Referring now to FIG. 4, a multi-plane VFF 38 is shown wherein thehighest plane is the upper surface of the SD lands 40. VFF 38 isproduced from a forming screen having an elliptical pattern with MDalignment of the major axes 42 of cells 43. The pattern shown in FIG. 6is a 40 mesh pattern. Cells 43 of vacuum formed film 38 measure about750μ in the SD or major axis 42 direction and about 250μ in the TD orminor axis 44 direction. The thickness of the apertures 43, which arefrom top to bottom of the three-dimensional cells 43, i.e., loft, isabout 345μ. The VFF 38 has an open area of 14.5%. Therefore, the loft to% open area ratio of the VFF 38 is about 24. The VFF 38 has a rewetvalue of 0.08 grams. The variance between the upper surface of the SDlands 40 and the TD lands 46 in the bi-planar material 38 is about 20μ.

Referring now to FIGS. 5A and 5B, FIGS. 5A and 5B show anotherembodiment of VFF that shall be referred to as a VFF having “Boat ShapeCells” (BSC) 50. The “Boat Shaped Cell” embodiment 50 preferably has amesh count of 40. “Boat Shape Cell” refers to the oval shape apertures52 having rounded tips. Apertures 52 have a major axis 54 and a minoraxis 56. Preferably, the ratio of length of major axis 54 to minor axis56 of the cells is about 1.75:1. It has been found that rounding off theextremities of either an oval shaped cell, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B,or an ellipse shaped cell, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, further enhancesthe STI, especially in a single plane material. The BSC embodiment 50 ofFIGS. 5A and 5B has cells 50 having a length along the major axis 54 ofabout 425μ and a length along the minor axis of about 240μ. The BSC film50 has a loft of 315μ and an open area of 22%, which yields a loft to %open area ratio of 14 and a rewet value of 0.15 grams. Of course, theabove dimensions are illustrative and other dimensions of may be used.

An additional feature of the BSC embodiment 50 is that the major axis 54of the boat shaped cells or three-dimensional apertures 52 are alignedin the SD but are not commonly aligned with each other, i.e., the cells52 are presented in a “staggered” arrangement. Consequently, SD lands 58are not straight as is the case with SD lands 34 (FIG. 3) and 40 (FIG.4) of VFF films 26 and 38, respectively. A film having bi-planar lands,e.g., the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, are not preferred for thestaggered BSC embodiment because it has been found that bi-planar landsare best achieved when all the SD lands, e.g. 34 and 40 are co-alignedwith each other. Despite these less preferred variations, it has beenfound that panelists have still been able to derive a noticeable STIfrom the 40 mesh BSC (when counting the mesh in the TD) embodiment 50.Application of a random matte texture to the lands further enhances thematerial and slightly improves a panel's STI rating of the material.

While it is known that the addition of any of the aforementionedVFF-capable textures to the lands will contribute to improvement of thetactile impression and eliminate any perceptive triggers that areindicative of a plastic type material, it has surprisingly been foundthat “micro-ridges” (MR) alone can create a perceptible STI. Referringto FIGS. 6A, 6B and 7, microphotographs of a top view of VFF 100 (theside to the user; FIG. 6A) and a bottom view of VF 100 (the side awayfrom the user; FIG. 6B), and an expanded graphic in cross-section of VFF100 (FIG. 7) are given to show the MR of this invention. VFF 100 has a40 hex pattern. To form textures on lands 102 of VFF 100, lands on aforming screen that is used to make VFF 100 are ground to besubstantially flat to accept the artwork for etching the micro-ridges inthe land region of the forming screen. As a result, lands 102, formedbetween apertures 104, are imparted with micro-ridges 106. The machinedirection (MD) or stroking direction (SD) is indicated by arrow 108.

Micro-ridges 106 preferably have individual distinction with a range ofheight and spacing and have an optimum STI effect when aligned on abias, i.e., at offset angle 110 to the SD 108. Offset angle 110 may be5° to 80° to achieve some effect, but the preferred range for offsetangle 110 is from 30° to 60°, and ideally 45° is used. The height of theMR 106 can range from 5μ to 75μ, but the preferred range is from 5μ to35μ. Ideally, MR 106 have a height of 20μ. Spacing between micro-ridges106 can range from 25μ to 25μ, but more preferably range from 50μ, to150μ. Most preferably, a 95μ spacing is used. The micro-ridges 106 mustalso maintain “individuality”. If micro-ridges 106 becomeinterconnected, then micro-ridges 106 will not create the desired STIbut rather the micro-ridges 106 will exhibit a planar and plastic-likefeel instead.

Test Data

Various formed films were tested by ten panelists for silky tactileimpression (STI). The results are presented in Table 2, below. The panelmethod was based upon the AATCC (1997) Evaluation Procedure 5, FabricHand: Guidelines for the Subjective Evaluation of Fabric, a TechnicalManual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists,Volume 72 (pp. 352-354), Research Triangle Park, N.C.; and, ASTM (1968)Manual on Sensory Testing Methods, ASTM Special Technical Bulletin 434,1968, pp. 3-5.

The evaluation procedure utilized a common pad of standard thickness andmaterial yielding a standard compressibility. Values for thickness andcompressibility are not particularly important, so long as the valuesare consistent. The pad was cut into 1.5″×3.0″ rectangles. The filmswere wrapped fully around and taped closed, much like wrapping a gift,leaving on one side a continuous, smooth area of material. Thecontinuous, smooth side comprise the tested side. Panelists washed theirhands so that the samples were not tainted; tainting potentiallycreating an anomalous variance between panelist one and panelist ten, asthe samples are passed from one panelist to another.

The samples were coded by an identifier, such as a number or letter, butno information was provided to avoid any pre-biasing of a panelist. Thepanelists were asked to rate the samples from 1 to 10 with 1 being thesilkiest and 10 being not silky.

All but one of the products in the test data of Table 2 below areapertured film embodiments, except for “Unicharm's TS Threads on NW”.The Unicharm product is not a formed film product, but it has been addedto Table 2 because it is recognized as succeeding as a feminine napkintopsheet in Asia and is known to be viewed as triggering a favorableSTI. It is constructed by an unknown method wherein synthetic silkthreads are bonded to a top plane (skin contact side) of a nonwoven web.Holes are punched through the material, apparently to increase the rateof fluid acquisition. Its fluid acquisition rate value is believed to beover 3.0 grams. The Unicharm product is included here to assist inobtaining a stronger reading on the panel test's apparent line ofseparation between STI and non-STI materials. Also included for thatpurpose is Comfort Silk®.

Comfort Silk® is a mechanically formed apertured film but is not a VFF.It too has been accepted as “Silky” in the marketplace. Therefore, theinclusion of Comfort Silk® aids in making STI and non-STI distinctions.

In reviewing the data, it is commonly accepted that an average rankingof a film by ten panelists of a value of ≦5.0 indicates a STI isdiscernable. The number of No. 1 rankings given by panelists can alsoserve as an indication that an STI has been ‘triggered’. TABLE 2 40HexFlatLand Unicharm's MD w/Micro 40 TS Threads Testers Ellipse Ridges BSCon NW Comfortsilk Always Equate 1 6 3 2 5 1 8 10 2 4 1 3 7 2 10 6 3 1 24 5 3 9 10 4 2 1 6 3 5 8 10 5 3 1 6 4 5 10 8 6 5 1 3 6 2 9 7 7 1 4 7 6 35 10 8 2 1 6 4 5 8 10 9 6 1 5 4 2 10 8 10 5 3 1 6 2 9 10 AVG. 3.5 1.84.3 5 3 8.6 8.9Rate the samples from 1 to 10 for Silkiness Testing. 1 = “Silkiest”: 10= “not Silky”

Another important test for comparing various films is a “Rewet Test”.For testing rewet a test fluid comprising two parts Pepto-Bismol® andone part distilled water was used. The sample assembly consisted of a5×5 inch piece of vacuum formed film or nonwoven topsheet placed withthe user side up and the garment side down over 3 plies of absorbentmedium. An amount of 2-ml test fluid was delivered through a pipetteonto the center surface of the topsheet. The time, in seconds, taken forall of the liquid to penetrate through the topsheet was recorded with astopwatch. This portion of the test indicates the fluid acquisitionrate. After the initial insult, an additional 15-ml of the test fluidwas delivered to the center surface of the topsheet. An 8 lbs rewetweight with a 4×4 inch footing was placed on the top of the topsheet for3 minutes for the fluid to thoroughly spread out into the core pads.Then, two pre-weighted pickup papers were pressed against the topsheetwith the 8 lbs rewet weight for an additional 2 minutes. The amount ofweight increase of the pickup papers was measured in grams as the rewetamount, which reflects the amount of fluid that successfully reversedflow and overcame the spatial separation of the topsheet material. Ithas been found that data using this fluid for both acquisition rate andrewet values correlates well to comparative data generated from the sameVFF materials tested by this method and by undisclosed methods used bymajor corporations who produce feminine napkin products.

Table 3, below, compares existing products and shows that embodiments ofthis invention provide a desirable STI, and also maintain a L/OA Ratiothat exhibits functional rewet: TABLE 3 Loft, Open L/OA Rewet, STIProduct μ Area, % Ratio grams (Y/N) Always 550 32.0 17.0 0.05 N Equate455 28.5 16.0 0.15 N ComfortSilk 115 28.5 4.0 1.25 Y SD Ellipse 38 34514.5 23.8 0.08 Y 40 Mesh BSC 50 315 22.0 14.3 0.15 Y

It is thus believed that the operation and construction of the presentinvention will be apparent from the foregoing description. While theapparatus and compositions shown or described have been characterized asbeing preferred it will be. obvious that various changes andmodifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

A number of embodiments of the invention have been described.Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the followingclaims.

1. An absorbent article having a stroking direction, a body facingsurface, and an opposite clothing facing surface, the articlecomprising: a topsheet on the body facing surface; a backsheet on theclothing facing surface; and an absorbent core between the topsheet andthe backsheet; wherein the topsheet is a three-dimensional vacuum formedfilm having a plurality of apertures extending from the body facingsurface towards the absorbent core, the apertures defining strokingdirection lands aligned with the stroking direction and transverse landson the body facing surface aligned transverse to the stroking direction,the stroking direction lands being raised from the transverse lands by adistance of about 15μ to about 145μ.
 2. The article of claim 1 whereinthe transverse lands are recessed by a distance of about 20μ, to about451μ.
 3. The article of claim 1 wherein the stroking direction landsinclude a microtexture on the body facing surface.
 4. The article ofclaim 3 wherein the microtexture is a plurality of elongated microridgeshaving a length and width, and the length is greater than the width. 5.The article of claim 4 wherein the lengths are generally aligned withthe stroking direction.
 6. The article of claim 1 wherein a plurality ofthe apertures define a boat shape cell near the body facing surface. 7.The article of claim 1 having a Silky Tactile Impression Rating of about5 or less.
 8. The article of claim 2 having a Silky Tactile ImpressionRating of about 5 or less.
 9. The article of claim 3 having a SilkyTactile Impression Rating of about 5 or less.
 10. The article of claim 4having a Silky Tactile Impression Rating of about 5 or less.
 11. Thearticle of claim 5 having a Silky Tactile Impression Rating of about 5or less.
 12. The article of claim 6 having a Silky Tactile ImpressionRating of about 5 or less.
 13. A vacuum formed film topsheet for anabosrbent article, the topsheet comprising: an upper, body facing,surface and an opposite lower surface; apertures defining lands on theupper surface and tips on the lower surface, the apertures extendingfrom lands on the upper surface to the tips on the lower surface; thelands comprising stroking direction lands aligned substantially with astroking direction and transverse lands aligned substantially transverseto a stroking direction, the stroking direction lands being raisedrelative to the transverse direction land by a distance greater thanabout 15μ and less than about 145μ to create a silky tactile impression.14. The topsheet of claim 13 wherein the stroking direction lands areraised by a distance greater than about 20μ and less than about 45μ. 15.The topsheet of claim 13 wherein the stroking direction lands have amicrotexture to increase the silky tactile impression.
 16. The topsheetof claim 15 wherein the microtexture comprises a plurality ofmicroridges having a length and a width, the length being greater thanthe width.
 17. The topsheet of claim 16 wherein the lengths aregenerally aligned with the stroking direction.
 18. The topsheet of claim13 wherein the apertures define a boat shape cell near the body facingsurface.
 19. The topsheet of claim 13 having a Silky Tactile ImpressionRating of about 5 or less.
 20. The topsheet of claim 15 having a SilkyTactile Impression Rating of about 5 or less.